Jaafar Sadeq Oraibi - PhD student . Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University ofMohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Seifi Fernan - Associate professor, Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University ofMohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

This study aims to explore the role of hormones in regulating energy during physical activities. Proper energybalance and regulation are crucial for athletes' performance and success in the sports field. Recent research hasshown that hormones play a significant role in regulating the metabolic and performance-related processesassociated with exercise.Hormones respond to exercise in various ways. For example, there is an increase in stress hormones such ascortisol and adrenaline, which help stimulate the release of glucose and fatty acids to increase fuel supply to themuscles. Additionally, growth hormone and testosterone are released during post-exercise periods to enhancemuscle repair and tissue building.Hormone levels also influence fuel utilization during physical activity. For instance, insulin increases bloodglucose levels and promotes its uptake and utilization as an energy source. On the other hand, testosteroneenhances the use of fatty acids as a fuel for the muscles, contributing to the body's ability to utilize fats as aprimary energy source.Furthermore, there is research interest in manipulating hormone levels to improve athletic performance.Researchers believe that modifying hormone levels can positively affect athletic performance, includingincreasing strength, endurance, and enhancing recovery processes.

surface levels, athletes, non-athletes, sports activities