Ghadeer Amer Ali
FARNAZ SEIFI-ASGSHAHR - Associate professor,Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally prevalent and characterized by abnormal lipid accumulationin the liver, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), enhanced hepatic inflammation, and apoptosis.Recent studies showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) at the subcellular level underlies these featuredpathologies in the development of NAFLD. As an effective treatment, exercise significantly reduces hepatic lipidaccumulation and thus alleviates NAFLD. Confusingly, these benefits of exercise are associated with increasedor decreased ERS in the liver. Further, the interaction between diet, medication, exercise types, and intensity inERS regulation is more confusing, though most studies have confirmed the benefits of exercise. In this review,we focus on understanding the role of exercise-modulated ERS in NAFLD and ERS-linked molecular pathways.Moderate ERS is an essential signaling for hepatic lipid homeostasis. Higher ERS may lead to increasedinflammation and apoptosis in the liver, while lower ERS may lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins.Therefore, exercise acts like an igniter or extinguisher to keep ERS at an appropriate level by turning it up ordown, which depends on diet, medications, exercise intensity, etc. Exercise not only enhances hepatic toleranceto ERS but also prevents the malignant development of steatosis due to excessive ERS.

exercise, fatty liver, lifestyle, NAFLD, treatment, Web-based