Nikita Gupta - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.
Mahajan Bhaskar - Renewable Energy Lab, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh ۱۱۵۸۶, Saudi Arabia.
Sanjay Kumar - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.
Dhafer Almakhles - Renewable Energy Lab, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh ۱۱۵۸۶, Saudi Arabia.
Tarun Panwar - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.
Abhinav Banyal - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.
Aanandita Sharma - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.
Akanksha Nadda - Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Technology, HPU, Shimla, India.

The sun serves as the primary energy source, providing our planet with the essential energy for sustaining life. To efficiently harness this energy, photovoltaic cells, commonly known as PV cells, are employed. These cells convert the solar energy they receive into electrical energy. The operational point of the solar cell, delivering maximum output power, is referred to as the maximum power point (MPP). However, as light availability and temperature fluctuate throughout the day, the MPP also varies accordingly. To maintain constant operation at the MPP, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed to trace the MPP during module operation. These algorithms can be categorized into four groups: classical, intelligent, optimization, and hybrid, based on the tracking algorithm utilized. Each MPPT algorithm, existing in these categories, comes with its own set of advantages and limitations. This paper extensively reviews fifteen algorithms categorized under different groups. The review concludes with a comparative analysis of these algorithms, considering various parameters such as cost, complexity, tracking accuracy, and sensed parameters in a succinct manner. The paper focuses on elucidating the necessity of MPPT algorithms, their classification as per existing literature, and a comparative assessment of the studied MPPT algorithms. This comprehensive review aims to address advancements in this field, paving the way for further research.

algorithms, Maximum power point tracking, Optimization Algorithms, Photovoltaic, Power