Mahmut Ozan Toksoy - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Fırat Aşır - Department of Histology and Embryology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Mert Güzel - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

Objective(s): ”Quality by Design” (QbD) is a novel approach to product development that involves understanding the product and process, as well as the relationship between critical quality attributes (CQA) and critical process parameters (CPP). This study aimed to optimize the gabapentin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle formulation (GP-SLN) using a QbD approach and evaluate in vitro and ex vivo performance.Materials and Methods: The GP-SLN formulation was created using the microemulsion method by combining Gelucire ۴۸/۱۶, Tween ۸۰, and Plurol Oleique CC ۴۹۷. The Box-Behnken experimental design was adopted to investigate the effects of independent factors on dependent factors. The GP-SLN formulation was assessed based on particle size and distribution, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, release kinetics, permeation parameters, stability, and nasal toxicity.Results: The nanoparticles had a cubical shape with a particle size of ۱۸۵.۳±۴۵.۶ nm, a zeta potential of -۲۴±۳.۵۳ mV, and an entrapment efficiency of ۸۲.۵۷±۴.۰۲%. The particle size and zeta potential of the GP-SLNs remained consistent for ۳ months and followed Weibull kinetics with a significantly higher ex vivo permeability (۱.۷ fold) than a gabapentin solution (GP-SOL). Histopathology studies showed that intranasal administration of the GP-SLN formulation had no harmful effects.Conclusion: The current study reports the successful development of a GP-SLN formulation using QbD. A sustained release of GP was achieved and its nasal permeability was increased. Solid lipid nanoparticles with optimum particle size and high entrapment efficiency may offer a promising approach for the intranasal delivery of drugs.

Box-Behnken design, Gabapentin, Histopathology, Nasal delivery, Permeation, Release kinetics, Solid lipid nanoparticle