Alireza Raayat Jahromi - Department of clinical sciences, school of veterinary medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Christoph Lischer - Equine Clinic for Surgery and Radiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg ۱۹b, ۱۴۱۶۳ Berlin, Germany
Anna Ehrle - Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH۶۴ ۷TE, United Kingdom

Objective-The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intra-articular administration of tramadol in horses following arthroscopic surgery.Design-Experimental study.Animals-Ten Warmblood horsesProcedures- Horses underwent arthroscopic surgery of the tarsocrural joint (TCJ) (۸ horses) and metacarpo- metatarsophalangeal joint (MCPJ/MTPJ) (۲ horses). Intra-articular tramadol (۲ mg/kg) or saline was administered in randomly selected horses (۵ in each group; ۴x TCJ and ۱x MCPJ/MTPJ) under general anesthesia prior to recovery. After the horses were fully recovered and had returned to the stable two observers, blinded to the treatment scored pain independently at ۱, ۲, ۳, ۴, ۶, ۸, ۱۲ and ۲۴ hours based on a composite measure pain scale (CMPS). Results- Significant difference in pain score (P < ۰.۰۰۱) was observed at any individual time-point between the two groups, except at ۲۴ hours post treatment. A significant lower pain score was detected in tramadol treated group (P < ۰.۰۰۱), up to the twelfth hour after treatment. No significant difference was seen between various times in the saline group (P = ۰.۰۹).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Analgesic efficacy of intra-articular tramadol administration was demonstrated by significantly reduced pain scores following arthroscopic surgery in horses. This observation might be useful as basis for a multimodal analgesic protocol; however, more detailed studies are warranted.

Tramadol, Intra-articular administration, Arthroscopy, horse