M. J. Awda - Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
B. A. Abdulmajeed - Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Oil spills pose significant environmental, ecological, and economic challenges worldwide. Since current remediation technologies proved inefficient in restoring marine ecosystems, this study adopted a straightforward and economical method of utilizing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Maghemite (γ-Fe۲O۳) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using a homogeneous co-precipitation method. The colloidal dispersibility of MNPs was enhanced by applying an ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) coating, resulting in a reduction of high surface energy and a subsequent decrease in nanoparticle agglomeration. MNPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Removal experiments occurred at ۲۵°C with a mass range of adsorbent (۰.۰۲-۰.۰۶ g). Oil-contaminated magnetic nanoparticles were extracted from the water surface by an external magnetic field using a neodymium magnet. The effects of both the oil API and the mass of adsorbent on gravimetric oil removal (GOR) were investigated. GORs for APIs ۲۳, ۲۸.۴, and ۴۰.۳ were found to be ۱۰.۵±۰.۲-۲.۴۵±۰.۲۴, ۸.۹۶±۰.۱۸-۱.۱۵±۰.۰۶, and ۵.۱۱±۰۱۵ to ۱.۰۱± ۰.۱۲g/g, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated an inverse relationship between GOR and the API value, indicating that as the API value decreased, GOR  increased, and vice versa. Furthermore, as the mass of the adsorbent material was increased (۰.۰۲-۰.۰۶g), the GOR value decreased. The results of this study suggest that EDTA-maghemite MNPs have advantageous properties, including a small nanosize, super-paramagnetic behavior, and a large surface area. These characteristics make EDTA-maghemite a suitable sorbent for removing oil spills from water surfaces.

Magnetic separation, magnetic nano sorbent, oil sorption, gravimetric oil removal, Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid, Crude Oil