Muna A. Kadim - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Fatima A. Hamid - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Zahraa M. Ali - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Fatima K. Mohammed - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Hawraa H. Hatem - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Aseel M. Aljeboree - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Ahmed Hasan Alzubaidi - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Mohammed H. Said - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Ayad F. Alkaim - Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq

The study presents of Synthetic gel beads (Orbeez balls), specifically targeting their application in the adsorption of Direct yellow (DY) dye. Advanced characterization techniques like FTIR, FESEM, and TEM were employed, revealing significant findings. FTIR analysis showed changes in band intensities after dye adsorption, indicating gel beads -dye interactions. FESEM analysis revealed a more porous surface post after adsorption, enhancing adsorption efficiency. TEM corroborated the uniform distribution of gel beads. The study also explored the impact of gel beads on dye adsorption, identifying an optimal concentration for maximum capacity. An inverse relationship between adsorbent surface weight and dye adsorption per unit weight was observed, underlining the importance of surface weight in dye removal efficiency. The equilibrium time for DY dye adsorption was found to be around ۲ hr, with a rapid initial adsorption rate that slowed over time. The study also found that adsorption efficiency decreases with increasing pH. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qe mg/g) determined for gel beads was determined to be ۱۱۰.۵۶ mg/g. increase adsorbent dosage increase removal percentage (E %) of ۶۴.۷۶% to ۹۵.۹ %, but decrease adsorption capacity (۶۵۰.۷۶ mg/g to ۹۵.۶۶ mg/g), for gel beads of DY dye. Adsorption isotherms indicate a multilayer process on a heterogeneous surface.

Adsorption, Removal, Direct yellow DY dye, Gel beads, Thermodynamic