Giti Sotoudeh Ardabili - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Rasool Asghari Zakaria - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Nasser Zare - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Leila Ghaffarzadeh Namazi - Meshginshahr Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Polyploidy, a common phenomenon in the evolution of plant species, plays an imperative role in plant diversification. Bride rose poppy (Papaver fugax Poir.) is a valuable medicinal plant due to its various alkaloids, such as fugapavin, mecambrin, romerine, salutaridine, protopine, and thebaine. In this study, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to study the differential expression of four key genes, including CYPB۸۰B۱ ((S)-N-methylcoclaurine-۳’-hydroxylase), MLP (major latex protein), ۶OMT ((S)-norcoclaurine-۶-O-methyltransferase), and salAT (۷(S)-salutaridinol-۷-O-acetyltransferase), involved in the biosynthesis of poppy alkaloids. The assessment of extracted RNA samples on ۱% agarose gel electrophoresis and NanoDrop showed the proper quality and quantity of isolated RNA samples for cDNA synthesis. Gene expression analysis through qRT-PCR revealed increased expression of CYP۸۰B۱, MLP, and SalAT genes and decreased expression of ۶OMT in tetraploid plants compared with diploids. Our results indicated that autotetraploidy induction could be applied, as a useful method, to increase morphine production in P.  fugax.

alkaloids, Gene Expression, Papaver fugax, tetraploidy