Fatemeh Sangtarash - Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Azadeh Shadmehr - Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alireza Sadeghi - Department of Rheumatology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Sara Fereydounnia - Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Objective: Given the bone sensitivity to mechanical stimulus, bone-loading exercises and applying the Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF(s)) are recommended for promoting bone strength. In this context, these two interventions 's effect on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in osteoporosis patients is yet to be clarified; consequently, an attempt is made in this study to compare the effect of these two interventions on bone turnover markers in women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP).Methods: This study is design as a randomized, single-center, three-arms, controlled trial. A total of ۵۱ women with PMOP will be randomly assigned to three groups of ۱۷, using opaque, sealed envelopes containing labels for A, B, and C groups. Group A) will receive bone-loading exercises, B) will follow the PEMF(s) and C) will be exposed to the combination of A and B. These three groups will require intervention for ۲۴ sessions (۲ sessions/week) next to their routine medical treatment (Alendronate+ Calcium+ Vitamin D). The primary outcome of this study is the serum biomarker of bone formation (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BSALP) and resorption (N-terminal telopeptide, NTX). The secondary outcomes consist of thoracic kyphosis angle, fear of falling, and quality of life. The outcomes are measured three times: at baseline, after ۲۴ sessions of intervention, and at ۱۲ weeks follow-up. A primary outcome will be measured and reported by a laboratory expert who is blinded to the participant grouping. Result: The trial has the code of ethics for research (IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.۱۴۰۱.۱۲۶) and the code of Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (IRCT۲۰۲۲۱۲۰۲۰۵۶۶۸۷N۱). Study results are expected to be available by mid-۲۰۲۴.Conclusion: This trial will provide new practical knowledge on the bone-loading exercises and PEMFS(s)’s effect on PMOP women. This knowledge is of the essence for physiotherapists, clinicians, other healthcare professionals, and policymakers in the healthcare system. Level of evidence: Not applicable

Bone Turnover Markers, Exercises, Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields