Sanaz Mojarab - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
Pegah Karimi - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Delavar Shahbazzadeh - Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran ۱۳۱۶۹۴۳۵۵۱, Iran
Majid Moghbeli - Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
Kamran Pooshang Bagheri - Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran ۱۳۱۶۹۴۳۵۵۱, Iran
Arezoo Beig Parikhani - Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran ۱۳۱۶۹۴۳۵۵۱, Iran
Rada Dehghan - Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran ۱۳۱۶۹۴۳۵۵۱, Iran
Ehsan Zafari - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
Amir Moravej - Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Mohammad Hassan Pouriyayevali - COVID-۱۹ National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Seyedeh Faranak Mirtalebi - Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
Mahdi Pakjoo - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
Shaghayegh Yazdani - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Meghdad Abdollahpour-alitappeh - Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
Mehdi Mahdavi - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran

Objective(s): In this study, the adjuvant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of propolis was examined on the inactivated herpes simplex virus-۱ (HSV-۱).Materials and Methods: BALB/C mice were administered with inactivated (HSV-۱; the KOS strain) plus alcoholic and aqueous extracts, followed by assessment of the cellular and humoral immune responses. Results: Alcoholic and aqueous extracts, as an adjuvant, revealed a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses versus the HSV-۱ group. In addition, HSV-۱ plus alcoholic extract showed a remarkable increase in IFN-γ cytokine and IFN-γ/IL-۴ ratio. On the other hand, both alcoholic and aqueous extracts in the HSV-۱ vaccine suppressed the IL-۴ cytokine response as compared with the HSV-۱ vaccine. In addition, HSV-۱ plus alcoholic extract showed a significant increment in IgG۱, IgG۲a, and IgG۲b isotypes as compared with the HSV-۱ vaccine.Conclusion: Propolis extracts seem to modulate the immune response against inactivated HSV-۱ model and can be used as a suitable vaccine adjuvant or a component of a complex adjuvant against infectious diseases.

Adjuvant, HSV-۱, Propolis, Th۱, Vaccine potency