Hendri Susilo - National Resilience Science Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Topographic Directorate Topography of Indonesia Army, Jakarta, Indonesia.Jakarta, Indonesia
R Rijanta R Rijanta - National Resilience Science Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University; Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Ahmad Zubaidi - National Resilience Science Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University; Faculty of Philosophy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the protracted border problems of Indonesia - Timor Leste, especially unresolved segments in the Noel Besi - Citrana area. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The findings in this study show that the protracted land boundary problem between Indonesia and Timor Leste, namely the unresolved segment Noel Besi-Citrana, is caused by differences in interpretation between Indonesia and Timor Leste of the ۱۹۰۴ Treaty. Therefore, the Noel Besi River and its estuary, as contained in the ۱۹۰۴ Treaty, are still a matter of debate between Indonesia and Timor Leste. The error in the ۱۹۰۴ Treaty was to define an object using two definitions, geometrically and toponymical, which caused later debate. This condition has an impact on the social conditions of border communities, to be prone to conflict due to the unclear territorial boundaries of the country.

Unresolved Segment, Boundary, Indonesia – Timor Leste