Oluwasanmi Alonge - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Ondo State, P.O.BOX: ۳۴۰۲۷۱, Nigeria.
Olusola Oloruntoba - Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Ondo State, P.O.BOX: ۳۴۰۲۷۱, Nigeria.
Temitayo Ogedengbe - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, P.O.BOX: ۹۰۰۰۰۱, Nigeria.
Adedotun Adedoja - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State. P.O.BOX: ۲۳۲۱۰۱,Nigeria.
Imisioluwa Akintola - Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun State, P.O.BOX: ۲۲۰۱۰۴, Nigeria.

Biochar has garnered significant attention as a potential substitute due to its favorable adaptability and equivalent metallurgical characteristics to coal and coke. An investigation was conducted to maximize the production of biochar with enhanced characteristics by carbonizing low-density (LDS) and high-density sawdust (HDS). The study utilized the Response Surface Methodology to predict the combined impact of processing factors, namely temperature, particle size, and residence time, on the yield of biochar. The aim was to identify the ideal circumstances that would result in an enhanced biochar yield. The optimum values for the HDS were numerically predicted as a temperature of ۴۹۸.۲۴°C, a residence time of ۲۱.۱۶ minutes, and a particle size mm. Under these conditions, the predicted fixed carbon yield was ۵۷.۴۰%, and the corresponding percentage yield was ۲۵.۵۴%. The optimum values for LDS were numerically predicted as a temperature of ۴۷۴.۷۰°C, a residence time of ۲۵ minutes, and a particle size mm. Under these conditions, the predicted fixed carbon yield was ۵۱.۲۶%, and the corresponding percentage yield was ۳۰.۶۰%. The optimized biochar for the two types of sawdust exhibited improved energy contents (۳۰ MJ/kg for HDS and ۲۶.۲۴ MJ/kg for LDS) and chemical elements comparable to coal, indicating that the biochar will be suitable for power generation. The study also concluded that temperature has the most significant effect on the quality of biochar produced from both HDS and LDS.

Biochar, optimization, carbonization, Temperature, Residence time, particle size