Mehrdad Mohammadpour
Mahmood Jabbarvand
Nasser Karimi

Abstract As the number of contactâ€lens wearers rises worldwide, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis is attracting more attention as a major public health issue. Corneal lesions of PA, being the most intimidating complication of contactâ€lens wearer, can progress rapidly in spite of local antibiotic treatment, and may result in perforation and the permanent loss of vision. One of the explanations proposed for the evasion of the pathogen from immune responses of the host as well as antibacterial treatment is the fact that invasive clinical isolates of PA have the unusual ability to invade and replicate within surface corneal epithelial cells. In this manner, PA is left with an intracellular sanctuary. Endophthalmitis, albeit rare, is another ophthalmic infection faced by the challenge of drug delivery that can be potentially catastrophic. The present hypothesis is that nanoparticles can carry antiâ€pseudomonas antibiotics (e.g. ceftazidime) through the membranes, into the “hidden zone†of the pathogen, hence being an effective and potent therapeutic approach against pseudomonas keratitis and endophthalmitis.