Md. Hossain - Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi ۶۲۰۵, Bangladesh
Kawsar Sheikh - Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi ۶۲۰۵, Bangladesh
Md. Islam Sagar - Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi ۶۲۰۵, Bangladesh
Khan Hossain - State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou ۷۳۰۰۰۰, China
Xinle Yao - State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou ۷۳۰۰۰۰, China
Changcheng Bai - State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou ۷۳۰۰۰۰, China
Xiaolong Wang - State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou ۷۳۰۰۰۰, China

The invention relates to an actuator for graphene oxide humidity response, and graphene has become a growing material in developing electronic devices due to its unique physical and chemical properties. For intelligent materials used in soft actuators, fast response and strong mechanical properties are required. The invention relates to the field of ۴D printing of intelligent materials. Specifically, it relates to a field in which a shape-memory micro-nano composite material can be applied to ۴D printing technology. The purpose of the invention is to solve the technical problem that ۴D printing of shape-memory micro-nano composite materials is difficult to achieve. ۴D printing technology has played an essential role in promoting the development of graphene materials as devices. This article reviews the research progress on the ۴D printing of graphene in sensors and actuators. Using responsive nanocomposite and programming the same stimuli is also a creative way to look into making new soft actuators. It goes into more detail about the progress made in research on ۴D printing graphene materials for sensors and actuators. Finally, it sums up how these materials will continue to grow and be used in the future.

۴D Printing, intelligent materials, graphene, Actuators, applications