Sobhan Sabet - Occupational Medicine Resident, Industrial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Seyyed Jalil Mirmohammadi - Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi - Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Mahmood Vakili - Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Amir Houshang Mehrparvar - Industrial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Masoud Mirzaei - Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Background: Different kinds of smoking tobacco may affect pulmonary function and reduce some spirometric parameters. This study aimed to assess the relationship between smoking cigarettes and waterpipe and spirometric parameters.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on ۱۵۴۳ middle-aged individuals, as a sub-study of the Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd. The participants were randomly selected from the Shahedieh cohort population and were divided into ۶ groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers (n=۴۵۵), cigarette smokers (n=۱۳۹), waterpipe smokers (n=۲۸۷), ex-cigarette smokers (n=۱۳۱), concurrent waterpipe and cigarette smokers (n=۱۲۱), and cigarette or waterpipe passive smokers (n=۴۱۰). Spirometry was performed on all participants and spirometric parameters were compared between different groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version ۲۰) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Findings: FEV۱%, FEV۱/FVC, and PEF۲۵-۷۵% were significantly lower in cigarette smokers, compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. The measures were not significantly lower in waterpipe smokers in comparison to non-smokers. The frequency of obstructive pattern and small airway diseases was significantly higher in cigarette smokers compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in the middle-aged population, spirometric parameters related to airway obstruction (FEV۱, FEV۱/FVC, and FEF۲۵-۷۵%) were significantly lower in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers and waterpipe smokers, but these parameters were not significantly different between waterpipe smokers and non-smokers.

Spirometry, Waterpipe, Cigarette, smoking, PERSIAN cohort