Habibolah Khazaie - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Farid Najafi - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Atena Azami - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Marzieh Nasouri - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Masoud Tahmasian - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Behnam Khaledi-Paveh - Sleep Disorders Research Center AND Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing ‎and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Background‎: The relationship between substance use and sleep is bidirectional. Substance use directly causes sleep disturbances, and sleep problems are a critical factor in substance-use relapse. Methods: This study evaluated sleep disorders in ۶۵ methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients, and ۶۱ opium-dependent patients who did not receive any treatment between September ۲۰۱۱ and July ۲۰۱۲ in Kermanshah, Iran. Both groups filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ).Findings: Sleep disorders were remarkably similar in both groups: ۷۸.۵% of MMT patients and ۸۷.۷% of opium-dependent patients suffered from sleep problems. Sleep disorders in the opium-dependent group were remarkably higher and more prominent.Conclusion: Compared to opium, MMT does not have as many negative effects on sleep and is more effective in mitigating sleep problems.

Sleep disorders, opium dependency, Methadone Maintenance Treatment