Farzad Mehrannia - Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mohammad Amin Rezaei - Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Mohammad Shakiba - Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Kamal Fakhredini - Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Sahel Kanjouri - Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mehrdad Bavandpour - Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Zeinab Mohseni Afshar - Infertious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Background: the HIV prevalence among TB patients is much higher than that observed in the general population. This study was designed to assess prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection and to determine its factors. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah Province from March ۲۰۰۵ to December ۲۰۲۱. The study population included all TB-positive patients who had healthcare records in the Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Center of the province. TB was routinely diagnosed by the positive sputum smear (Ziehel-Neelsen) and confirmed by taking GeneXpert as the reference investigation. Primary HIV infection was diagnosed by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plus, positive ELISA results were then confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Result: Of ۲۵۶۹ TB patients, ۳۶۶ (۱۴.۲%) were reported HIV–TB co-infection.  The risk of HIV infection for male was ۲.۸۴ times more than that in female. There was a statistically significant increase in risk of HIV infection for those who had pulmonary TB (OR = ۲.۲۹, ۹۵% CI [۱.۴۶-۲.۹۴]). Patient with age between ۰–۱۵ years old (OR = ۰.۱۷, ۹۵% CI [۰.۰۵-۰.۲۱]), ۴۵–۶۰ years old (OR = ۰.۱۴, ۹۵% CI [۰.۰۴-۰.۱۹]), and ≥ ۶۰ years old (OR = ۰.۰۹, ۹۵% CI [۰.۰۱-۰.۱۳]) were all statistically significant for lower risk of HIV infection. Urban cases (OR = ۲.۴۸, ۹۵% CI [۱.۸۹-۳.۷۳]) share a higher risk in HIV infection. Conclusion: TB/HIV control programs that educate people on the prevalence and focus on these subgroups are likely to decrease the joint burden of TB and HIV.

Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, Trend, co-infection.