Evelien S. van Hoorn - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Lizhen Ye - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Nikki van Leeuwen - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Hein Raat - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Hester F. Lingsma - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Background  Healthcare services worldwide are transforming themselves into value-based organizations. Integrated care is an important aspect of value-based healthcare (VBHC), but practical evidence-based recommendations for the successful implementation of integrated care within a VBHC context are lacking. This systematic review aims to identify how value-based integrated care (VBIC) is defined in literature, and to summarize the literature regarding the effects of VBIC, and the facilitators and barriers for its implementation. Methods  Embase, Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails databases were searched from inception until January ۲۰۲۲. Empirical studies that implemented and evaluated an integrated care intervention within a VBHC context were included. Non-empirical studies were included if they described either a definition of VBIC or facilitators and barriers for its implementation. Theoretical articles and articles without an available full text were excluded. All included articles were analysed qualitatively. The Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC) was used to analyse the VBIC interventions. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results  After screening ۱۳۲۸ titles/abstract and ۴۸۵ full-text articles, ۲۴ articles were included. No articles were excluded based on quality. One article provided a definition of VBIC. Eleven studies reported—mostly positive— effects of VBIC, on clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and healthcare utilization. Nineteen studies reported facilitators and barriers for the implementation of VBIC; factors related to reimbursement and information technology (IT) infrastructure were reported most frequently. Conclusion  The concept of VBIC is not well defined. The effect of VBIC seems promising, but the exact interpretation of effect evaluations is challenged by the precedence of multicomponent interventions, multiple testing and generalizability issues. For successful implementation of VBIC, it is imperative that healthcare organizations consider investing in adequate IT infrastructure and new reimbursement models. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD۴۲۰۲۱۲۵۹۰۲۵).

Value-Based Healthcare, Delivery of Healthcare, Systematic Review, Integrated Care, Facilitators & Barriers, Effects Evaluation