Catherine Walshe - International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Ian Garner - International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Lesley Dunleavy - International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Nancy Preston - International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Andy Bradshaw - Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Rachel L. Cripps - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Sabrina Bajwah - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Katherine E. Sleeman - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Mevhibe Hocaoglu - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Matthew Maddocks - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Fliss Murtagh - Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Adejoke O. Oluyase - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK
Lorna K. Fraser - The Martin House Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
Irene J. Higginson - Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College, London, UK

Background  Volunteers are common within palliative care services, and provide support that enhances care quality. The support they provided, and any role changes, during the coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) pandemic are unknown. The aim of this study is to understand volunteer deployment and activities within palliative care services, and to identify what may affect any changes in volunteer service provision, during the COVID-۱۹ pandemic. Methods  Multi-national online survey disseminated via key stakeholders to specialist palliative care services, completed by lead clinicians. Data collected on volunteer roles, deployment, and changes in volunteer engagement. Analysis included descriptive statistics, a multivariable logistic regression, and analysis of free-text comments using a content analysis approach. Results  ۴۵۸ respondents: ۲۷۷ UK, ۸۵ rest of Europe, and ۹۵ rest of the world. ۶۸.۵% indicated volunteer use preCOVID-۱۹ across a number of roles (from ۴۵۸): direct patient facing support (۵۸.۷%), indirect support (۵۲.۰%), back office (۴۸.۵%) and fundraising (۴۵.۶%). ۱۱% had volunteers with COVID-۱۹. Of those responding to a question on change in volunteer deployment (۳۲۸ of ۴۵۸) most (۲۵۶/۳۲۸, ۷۸%) indicated less or much less use of volunteers. Less use of volunteers was associated with being an in-patient hospice, (odds ratio [OR] = ۰.۱۵, ۹۵% CI = ۰.۰۷-۰.۳, P < .۰۰۱). This reduction in volunteers was felt to protect potentially vulnerable volunteers, with policy changes preventing volunteer support. However, adapting was also seen where new roles were created, or existing roles pivoted to provide virtual support. Conclusion  Volunteers were mostly prevented from supporting many forms of palliative care which may have quality and safety implications given their previously central roles. Volunteer re-deployment plans are needed that take a more considered approach, using volunteers more flexibly to enhance care while ensuring safe working practices. Consideration needs to be given to widening the volunteer base away from those who may be considered to be most vulnerable to COVID-۱۹.

Palliative Care, COVID-۱۹, Volunteers