Wieteke van Dijk - Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Marjan J. Meinders - Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Marit A.C. Tanke - Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Gert P. Westert - Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Patrick P.T. Jeurissen - Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Background Medicalization has been a topic of discussion and research for over four decades. It is a known concept to researchers from a broad range of disciplines. Medicalization appears to be a concept that speaks to all, suggesting a shared understanding of what it constitutes. However, conceptually, the definition of medicalization has evolved over time. It is unknown how the concept is applied in empirical research, therefore following research question was answered: How is medicalization defined in empirical research and how do the definitions differ from each other?   Methods We performed a scoping review on the empirical research on medicalization. The ۵ steps of a scoping review were followed: (۱) Identifying the research question; (۲) Identifying relevant studies; (۳) Inclusion and exclusion criteria; (۴) Charting the data; and (۵) Collating, summarizing and reporting the results. The screening of ۳۰۲۷ papers resulted in the inclusion of ۵۰ empirical studies in the review.   Results The application of the concept of medicalization within empirical studies proved quite diverse. The used conceptual definitions could be divided into ۱۰ categories, which differed from each other subtly though importantly. The ten categories could be placed in a framework, containing two axes. The one axe represents a continuum from value neutral definitions to value laden definitions. The other axe represents a continuum from a micro to a macro perspective on medicalization.   Conclusion This review shows that empirical research on medicalization is quite heterogeneous in its definition of the concept. This reveals the richness and complexity of medicalization, once more, but also hinders the comparability of studies. Future empirical research should pay more attention to the choice made with regard to the definition of medialization and its applicability to the context of the study

Medicalization, Scoping Review, Definitions in Epirical Use