Ayesha Aslam - Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Mehwash Kashif - Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Irfan Khan - Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Sana Iqbal - Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Tehreem Aslam - United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Yousuf Moosa - Associate Professor, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls, Karachi, Pakistan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The most common oral hygiene aid used for the maintenance of oral health is the toothbrush and its hygiene is frequently neglected. Cigarette smoking is associated with many oral and periodontal diseases. Its effect can never be neglected on the microbiota of the oral cavity. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the microbial contamination of toothbrushes and its relation with smoking. This study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of capped and uncapped toothbrushes of adult smoker and non-smoker men.METHODS: This randomized study included ۵۰ different used toothbrushes of healthy men, non-smoker and smoker, who may use capped and uncapped toothbrushes. This study was conducted at Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from September to October ۲۰۱۹. All toothbrushes were evaluated for microbial analysis. Samples were allocated through simple random sampling. Every toothbrush head was put in a sterile container with ۱۰ ml brain heart agar (Oxoid) and incubated in ۳۷ ºC for ۲۴ hours; after which, they were placed in different bases (blood agar, McConkey). Results were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus was the most offender and major organism causing contamination in all ۴ groups of smokers and non-smokers with capped toothbrush and smokers and non-smokers with uncapped toothbrush. A correlation test was done using Pearson’s correlation, showing a positive correlation between uncapped non-smokers and capped smokers (P = ۰.۰۵۰).CONCLUSION: The microbial contamination of capped and uncapped toothbrushes of adult smoker and non-smoker men was quite high and hence, it increases the risk of dental diseases.

Microbiota, Smokers, Non-smokers