Fatima Bani al-Najjar - Commercial expert of Barman Sahel Arvand Shipping Company

The literature review emphasizes the crucial need for resilient maritime transport solutions in light of the COVID-۱۹ pandemic's significant disruptions to global supply chains. It highlights how the pandemic exposed the fragility of heavily reliant international supply chains on critical products, proposing strategic responses like inventory buffers, supplier diversification, and agile distribution to mitigate such vulnerabilities. The analysis suggests that maritime supply chain resilience depends on flexibility, visibility, and redundancy, advocating for technological innovations such as blockchain for cybersecurity and digitalization for operational efficiency. These strategies are complemented by traditional approaches like geographic diversification and contingency sourcing to enhance robustness.The review also explores strategic innovations in maritime transport, including the development of 'smart' ports, improved intermodal connectivity, and the creation of maritime clusters, aimed at addressing economic, geopolitical, and environmental challenges. Successful implementation of these strategies, however, faces hurdles like infrastructure costs, regulatory alignment, and technology integration with existing operations.Global case studies, including Tanger-Med and Chabahar ports, demonstrate the effective application of these strategies, underscoring the role of strategic planning, technological adaptation, and collaborative governance. These examples provide a blueprint for maritime enterprises and policymakers to build competitive and resilient supply chains.Finally, the review identifies future research directions, including comparative assessments of port digitization, integration of emerging technologies, and sustainable operational innovations. Advancing research in these areas is essential for fostering a resilient and sustainable future for global maritime transport and supply chains.

Maritime Transport, Global Supply Chains, Resilience and Efficiency, COVID-۱۹ Impact, Digitalization in Logistics, Intermodal Connectivity, Sustainable Shipping Practices, Smart Ports