The Effect of Phenological Stages of Salvia abrotanoides (Kar.) Sytsma on Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential, Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Roots and Aerial Parts

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the roots and aerial parts of Salvia abrotanoides obtained at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding) and to determine their total phenol and flavonoid content. Disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods evaluated antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods were used to determine the content of total phenol and flavonoids, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was measured using a ۲,۲-diphenyl-۱-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosawere the most sensitive and resistant bacteria to the extracts, respectively. The strongest antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria was recorded for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with ethyl acetate extract of the root at the seeding stage, in which MIC and MBC values were ۳۰.۳۳ and ۴۰.۰۰ mg/mL, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (۵۵۷.۵۱ mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (۲۳۶.۴۰ mg QE/g DW) was found in the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts in the seeding phase. The aerial parts had more total phenolic and flavonoid content at different phenological stages than the root. The antioxidant capacity of the aerial part was also better that of the roots. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part at the seeding phase presented the highest DPPH scavenging activity (۹۲.۵۱ ± ۱.۲۵ %). The results showed that S. abrotanoides extracts, especially at the seeding phase, have good potential as a source of antioxidant, antibacterial, and bioactive compounds and can be considered good candidates in the development of new drugs or as the main source of food preservative compounds.

Keywords:

antibacterial , Bio compounds , Drug-resistant bacteria , MRSA , Phenology , Salvia