Analysis of thalassemia disease and its types and investigation of itsprevention and treatment methods

Genetic diseases are among the most complex diseases that humans suffer from, and the reason is that themain factor in their emergence is our genetic codes, a factor that is not easy to access at all, and that is whydoctors have not yet been able to and find practical methods to modify the genetics of patients. Althoughgenetic diseases do not yet have a definitive cure in terms of medical science, doctors have managed to reduceand control the effects of these diseases with various drugs. Thalassemia is one of the blood diseases that istransmitted from one generation to the next due to genetic disorders and genetic mutations. In this disease, thelevel of hemoglobin in the blood is greatly reduced compared to the normal state, which causes anemia and afeeling of fatigue in the person. Hemoglobin molecules are composed of chains called alpha and beta, which cancause mutations in the genes that produce them. If the level of alpha globin decreases as a result of mutation, itleads to the development of alpha thalassemia disease, and the mutation in the gene encoding the beta chain isthe cause of beta thalassemia. Thalassemia can be minor or major. Most minor types do not show specificsymptoms and are only diagnosed as carriers, but major types of thalassemia are dangerous and requiretreatment. In this article, types of thalassemia treatment, especially treatment using stem cells, are discussed.

Keywords:

Thalassemia , genetic disease , stem cells , treatment , hemoglobin.