Bioactive ۳D Polymeric Structures as Reconstructive Medical Grafts

The emergence of three-dimensional (۳D) bioprinting has revolutionized scaffold fabrication, enabling the creation of complex tissue structures with improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional methods. Despite the promising advancements in ۳D printing technology for tissue engineering, challenges such as the conversion of biological materials into printable forms and maintaining cellular viability remain. However, the precision and versatility offered by ۳D bioprinting present promising opportunities for advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine practices. This review explores innovative biomaterials crucial for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers, primarily fabricated through electrospinning, exhibit exceptional mechanical strength and cellular compatibility, offering significant advantages in tissue scaffold reinforcement. Microparticles, initially designed for drug delivery, now serve as versatile scaffolds, enabling the controlled release of growth factors or drugs within ۳D environments. In addition, hydrogels, composed of natural or synthetic polymers, provide flexible scaffolds akin to the native extracellular matrix (ECM), yet often require modification for enhanced bioactivity and mechanical strength. These biomaterials hold immense potential for advancing tissue engineering, offering tailored solutions for various regenerative medicine challenges

Keywords:

tissue engineering , polymer , nanofibers , scaffold.