Advancements in ۳D Printing Technologies: Nanoparticle, Tissue Engineering and Challenges- A Review

۳D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a transformative technology that constructs three-dimensional objects from digital models by adding material layer by layer. Its versatility in material usage, ranging from polymers and metals to ceramics and composites, has revolutionized industries like aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. This technology allows for the fabrication of complex geometries and customized designs while minimizing material waste. Despite its advantages, ۳D printing faces challenges such as material limitations, optimization of parameters, and the need for multi-material processing. Recent advancements include hybrid printing techniques, enhancing the mechanical properties and functionality of printed objects. Additionally, the integration of nanoparticles into biopolymers is driving innovation in tissue engineering, improving scaffold strength, bioactivity, and tissue regeneration. As research continues to overcome existing challenges, ۳D printing is expected to expand its industrial applications and evolve into an essential tool for modern manufacturing.

Keywords:

Additive Manufacturing (AM) , ۳D Printing , Polymer Composites , Nanoparticles , Tissue Engineering , Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) , Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) , Biocompatible Scaffolds