Investigating the morpho-physiological characteristics of Ophiopogon japonicus, Festuca ovina glauca, Aptenia cordifolia akd Carpobrotus edulis under the influence of unconventional water and growth-promoting bacteria in external green walls

Today, despite the expansion of urbanization and the high speed of construction in cities, most of the city's fabric is filled with buildings. Therefore, the return of nature to cities in most vertical green spaces can be a solution to this problem. Considering the emergence of urban green walls and the objection to them that they are luxury consumers of urban water, on the other hand, the serious water crisis doubles the necessity of using recycled water in the cultivation of plants in these green structures. On the other hand, it is transferred to agricultural products through the unconventional water used in green spaces; this is a serious problem in cities and should be paid attention to. Looking for a solution to the problem of using this type of water in urban gardening, this research is to investigate the effect of different types of unconventional water and bacterial strains on the growth and performance of some ornamental plants in the external green wall in the environmental conditions of Mashhad as ۴ separate experiments were structured as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in ۲۰۲۲. The main factor of recycled water treatments includes three levels (gray water, waste water from Kashferood area, and urban water (control)), and the sub-factor of different bacterial strains in four levels included Mix۱ (Psedoumonas flucrecens+ Azosporillum Liposferum+ Thiobacillus thioparus+ Aztobactor chorococcum), Mix۲ (Paenibacillus polymyxa+ Pseudomonas fildensis+ Bacillus subtilis+ Achromobacter xylosoxidans+ Bacillus licheniformis), Mix۳ (Pseudomonas putida+ Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans+ Bacillus velezensis+ Bacillus subtilis+ Bacillus methylotrophicus+ Mcrobacterium testaceum) and the control was without the use of bacteria. Also, the investigated plant species included (Festuca ovina glauca, Ophiopogon japonicus, Aptenia cordifolia and Carpobrotus eduli). The results showed morphophysiological traits (plant height, number of nodes, distance between nodes, root diameter, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and number and length of lateral branches in all four plants were significant at the ۵% probability level. The length of the leaves in the three plants, Festuca, Ophiopogon and Aptenia was significant at the ۵% probability level. The highest RWC and chlorophyll and the lowest RSD, carotenoid and anthocyanin were in the substrates inoculated with bacteria. The results of this research are based on the use of combination ۳. Also, superior morpho-physiological traits were observed in plants cultivated on inoculated substrates and irrigated with wastewater. The result of this research is the combination of substrate with the composition of three bacteria and irrigation with wastewater. It also suggests the use of the Aptenia cordifolia plant instead of other unstable plants used in the external green wall in dry and semi-arid climates during the spring, summer and autumn seasons.

Keywords:

Waste water , Water crisis , Sustainable urban development , Biological methods , Relative saturation deficit , Purifying plants , آب های ضایعاتی , بحران آب , توسعه شهری پایدار , روش‎های بیولوژیک , کمبود اشباع نسبی , گیاهان پالاینده