F Akbarpour - Tehran Province DOE
R Aliashrafipour - Tehran Province DOE
A Abdolzade - Tehran Province DOE

Cement manufacturing is an energy-intensive process due to the high temperatures required in the kilns for clinkerization. The cement industry is net-shaped connected to the environment. The production process requires energy and that leads to emissions.Co-processing in the cement industry is the optimum way of recovering energy and material from waste. It offers a safe and sound solution for society, the environment and the cement industry, by substituting non renewable resources with societal waste under strictly controlled conditions.The use of alternative fuels to replace conventional fuels, in particular coal, is a widespread practice and can contribute to improving the global warming impact and total environmental footprint of the cement industry. This report provides an overview of the technical and qualitative characteristics of a wide range of alternative fuels including agricultural and non-agricultural biomass, chemical and hazardous wastes, petroleum-based wastes, and miscellaneous waste fuels. Utilization of alternative fuels in cement kilns is not without potential environmental impacts; emissions concerns and their effective management are discussed in general as well as for each alternative fuel type. Finally, the availability of a variety of alternative fuels is assessed along with the opportunities and technical challenges associated with using alternative fuels in cement manufacturing sector.

Cement manufacture, Co-processing, Alternative fuels, Environment