Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Brain To Behavior

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) refer to disorders that result from deviations in the standard development of the brain, which in turn bring out malfunctions in the behavior, thinking, and emotional processes. This paper’s primary purpose is to discuss the neurological substrates of NDDs and the behavioral manifestation that accompanies them with an emphasis on disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and learning disabilities. This study also aims to facilitate a better understanding of the processes by which these neurobiological mechanisms work in conjunction with psychological interventions across the dynamic relationship between the self-organizing brain and behavior.Our approach was a systematic literature review of the most current literature on neurological and psychological research involving NDDs with special emphasis on imaging neurological studies, genetics, and psychological assessment.Based on the main findings of the current review, the focal and heightened connectivity from regions including the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum is strongly associated with the behavioral and cognitive impairments seen in NDDs. Furthermore, an application of psychological interventions such as behavioral therapy and cognitive training reveals the possible impacts on both the brain and behavior.In conclusion, this article puts much emphasis on the integrated approach of neurological and psychological interventions when it comes to the diagnosis and treatment of NDDs. The subsequent studies should be devoted to the application of neuroimaging techniques in conjunction with customized psychotherapy to maximize treatment effectiveness

Keywords:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Brain Development , Behavioral Interventions