DME/DME as an alternate of GNSS and Analyze it on Airbus ۳۳۰

The global increase in air travel has led to airspace congestion and operational challenges. To address these issues, organizations like the ICAO۱ have introduced PBN۲. Unlike traditional navigation, which relies heavily on ground-based radio stations, PBN leverages GNSS۳, though ground stations are still used as backups. PBN enhances flight efficiency and airspace capacity by employing RNAV۴ and RNP۵ concepts, resulting in reduced fuel consumption, lower noise levels in residential areas, and shorter travel times. Although GNSS is considered a reliable navigation source, it is prone to certain errors, such as satellite clock and orbit errors, as well as atmospheric, ionospheric, and receiver errors. Despite these limitations, airlines and pilots increasingly rely on GNSS-based navigation. In addition to GNSS, PBN can be supported by sensors and ground-based systems, such as VOR۶/DME۷ and DME/DME. However, for PBN to deliver maximum benefits, global implementation is essential. In regions where GNSS service is limited or unreliable, systems like DME/DME play a crucial role in ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of navigation.

Keywords:

PBN , GNSS , DME , FMS