Utilizing Aspergillus Fungi, a Significant Veterinary Pathogen, in Lung Cancer Treatment: A Novel Approach

Cancer stands as an enduring global health challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches for effective intervention. Recent years have witnessed intensive investigations into the potential anti-cancer properties of various filamentous Aspergillus molds. This review endeavors to comprehensively examine the scientific evidence on the potential anti-tumor effects of distinct Aspergillus species and their secondary metabolites in the context of lung cancer. Numerous Aspergillus species, with Aspergillus fumigatus at the forefront, have demonstrated the capability to produce compounds holding substantial promise in anti-cancer therapeutics. Gliotoxin, one such compound, emerges as a notable agent inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells while impeding tumor growth. Furthermore, Emericellamide A, derived from Aspergillus nidulans, exhibits significant cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Serotonin, sourced from Aspergillus terreus, has also been proven to exert cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells. Cycloopiazonic acid, identified in Aspergillus flavus, has demonstrated cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells, adding to the diverse arsenal of potential anti-cancer agents. The inhibitory effects on cancer cells extend beyond mere cytotoxicity, involving processes such as apoptosis, regulation of angiogenesis, immune modulation, and suppression of proliferation. Despite the promising array of anti-cancer compounds presented by Aspergillus fungi, significant challenges persist in their identification, scalable production, and understanding of their interactions with existing therapeutic modalities. Addressing these challenges necessitates collaborative efforts, fostering synergy among researchers, clinicians, and industry stakeholders. Research into the pharmacological repertoire offered by Aspergillus fungi can only be successful with the concerted efforts of researchers in order to determine the best possible treatment options for lung cancer, leveraging the wide variety of therapeutic options available.

Keywords:

Aspergillus fungi , Cancer , lung cancer , Secondary metabolites , Veterinary pathogens