Phthalate-Functionalized Hyperbranched Glycerol Polyester Nanocopolymer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Malachite Green Dye Adsorption Efficiency

The study reports the successful synthesis of PHBGP, a phthalate-functionalized hyperbranched glycerol polyester nano copolymer, notable for its functional activity and porosity. Pentaerythritol glycidyl ether (PEGE) was synthesized and utilized to enhance the harmonious growth of the prepared hyperbranched nanocopolymer PHBGP. Characterization methods including ۱H-NMR, ۱۳C-NMR, FT-IR, AFM, and XRD validated its structural properties. As a nano adsorbent, PHBGP effectively adsorbate Malachite Green dye under optimal conditions: ۲۰ mg/L dye concentration, ۲۵ mg/L adsorbent dosage, pH ۸, and ۲۵ °C. Isotherm models, especially the linear Langmuir model (R²=۰.۹۹۴۶), demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of ۶۶۶.۷ mg/g, implying that the adsorption occurs in a monolayer on consistent active sites. The Freundlich model's n value of ۳.۱۵۲ indicates a favorable adsorption process with heterogeneous surfaces. The experimental data closely aligns with the pseudo-second-order model with the R۲ value of ۰.۹۹۹۳. The thermodynamic study explains that ΔG < ۰, ΔH > ۰, and ΔS > ۰. After completing six consecutive cycles, PHBGP attained an adsorption rate of ۸۹.۹۲% for the MG dye. The adsorption mechanism involves hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, π-π interactions, and pore-filling. Overall, PHBGP demonstrates potential as a highly effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of MG dye.

Keywords:

Nano Copolymer , Hyperbranched polymers , Malachite Green , Adsorption , Cationic dye