Nanomaterials-Based Water Purification Systems

Nanomaterials have revolutionized water purification technologies, offering innovative and efficient solutions to combat global water pollution and scarcity. Their exceptional physicochemical properties, including high surface area, tunable surface functionality, and superior adsorption and catalytic capabilities, enable the effective removal of diverse contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens. Among the most widely studied nanomaterials are silver nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, graphene and graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles, each demonstrating unique advantages in water treatment. However, challenges such as potential nanoparticle toxicity, difficulties in separation, and scalability issues must be addressed to fully harness their potential. This paper provides a review of advancements in nanomaterial-based water purification systems, focusing on their mechanisms, applications, and environmental impacts. By integrating nanotechnology with conventional water treatment methods, a sustainable and efficient approach to ensuring clean and safe water can be achieved. Future research should prioritize optimizing nanomaterial design, developing real-time performance evaluation techniques, and establishing robust safety standards to mitigate risks. This review highlights the transformative potential of nanomaterials in tackling global water challenges.

Keywords:

Adsorption , Heavy Metal , Nanomaterials , Nanotechnology , Pollutants , Water Purification