The Role of Physical Activity on Neural Plasticity

The nervous system is one of the most important systems in the human body, comprising the brain, spinal cord, and a network of peripheral nerves. This system is responsible for controlling and coordinating all body activities, including sensory perception, movement, thought, and emotions. Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt to new experiences, and it plays a critical role in maintaining cognitive health and brain function. Extensive scientific research has shown that physical activity can have positive effects on neural plasticity. Physical activity increases the production of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), which plays an important role in enhancing memory, attention, and other cognitive abilities. Aerobic, resistance, and combined physical activities are among the most important factors that enhance brain plasticity. Studies have shown that aerobic exercise can increase the volume of the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory and learning. Additionally, resistance exercise can improve neuromuscular coordination and cognitive function. Clinical results indicate that physical activity can be used as a complementary treatment for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and brain injuries. Physical activity helps reduce oxidative stress and brain inflammation, thereby improving cognitive function in patients. Moreover, evidence suggests that regular physical activity can improve sleep quality, which is an important factor in enhancing neural plasticity and brain health. Physical activity is recognized as an effective factor in strengthening neural plasticity and maintaining brain health throughout life and can significantly help prevent cognitive disorders associated with aging.

Keywords:

Neuroplasticity , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Aerobic Physical Activity , Resistance Physical Activity