Comparative Analysis of Prefabricated Modular and Conventional Construction Systems: Efficiency, Cost, and Implementation Challenges

The construction industry is undergoing a paradigm shift driven by rapid urbanization, sustainability demands, and the need for cost-effective, time-efficient building solutions. This paper investigates the differences between prefabricated modular construction systems (PMR) and conventional construction methods (CB), focusing on aspects such as design flexibility, execution speed, material efficiency, and overall cost performance. Through a detailed cost breakdown and comparative analysis, it is demonstrated that PMR systems offer substantial advantages in terms of reduced construction time, standardization, and energy efficiency, while also presenting new challenges in design integration and logistics. Using official unit cost data and inflation-adjusted indices, the study provides a real-world assessment of both systems. The findings support the adoption of modular systems in large-scale and repetitive building projects, particularly in regions facing labor shortages or seeking to improve construction sustainability. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of innovation, standardization, and policy support in mainstreaming industrialized building systems.

Keywords:

Modular Construction , Prefabrication , Industrial Building Systems , Cost Efficiency