Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations

The integration of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming Human Resource Management (HRM), driving innovation in talent acquisition, development, and retention through data-driven approaches. This study systematically reviews ۶۷ peer-reviewed articles to examine the global opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with Big Data and AI in HRM. Findings reveal that AI tools, including NLP-based recruitment systems and predictive analytics, enhance HR efficiency, foster employee engagement, and enable personalized workforce strategies. Big Data also supports objective performance assessments and strategic decision-making, strengthening organizational competitiveness. However, the adoption of these technologies encounters internal challenges, such as skill gaps and resistance to change, alongside external barriers like data privacy regulations and algorithmic bias. Ethical concerns—including transparency, fairness, and privacy risks—underscore the need for robust governance frameworks. This study proposes solutions such as bias mitigation strategies, transparent AI policies, and HR upskilling initiatives to ensure responsible implementation. Consistent with the interplay between technology and organizational culture, this research highlights the imperative for ethically grounded AI integration in HRM. Future research should examine long-term impacts and context-specific strategies to achieve sustainable global HRM transformation.

Keywords:

Big Data , Artificial Intelligence , Human Resource Management , Ethical Considerations , Opportunities , Challenges , Predictive Analytics , Workforce Transformation