Defense, safety and security strategies in ports and coasts based on Passive Defenses Principles and Criteria

Ports and Coastal Lines are considered as important boundary areas for each country. Access to oceans and maritime channels and international and trade relationship by the most importantasset of far trade- maritime- is amongst features of ports and coastal lines. For Iran and most other countries, trade and goods exchange is done by sea and using theports and coasts. Therefore, coasts and its adjacent areas both in sea or land play a significantand critical role for countries. Spatial planning, organization and integrated management of coasts are main step towardoptimal use of ports and coasts. Certainly as much as importance degree of a subject or area increases, increases its safety and security coefficients increase.Subdivisions and subsections of ports & maritime Organization have responsibility of safety and security against incidents and natural accidents. This article is aimed at surveying ways of persistent activity of ports and coasts in the trade and communication areas in crisis conditions caused by enemy’s threats and with applyingstrategies and special preparations of Passive Defense, safety, security and defense coefficientsof ports and coasts and persistent and continuous activities in war and peacetime will be increased. Its range expands from the most little elements, equipment and port structures to the mostimportant strategies of the country related to spatial planning and issues about trade andeconomic. various fields of countering enemy’s threats including economic war, trade threat, trade maritime threat, electronic war, destructive attacks and finally destructing some ports andcoasts even capturing, are various, smart and efficient. Technical and engineering areas of constructing ports, equipment, sea structures and activity building, climate, geography, ports and channels positioning, spatial planning and coasts and most other issues will be considered.Applying Passive Defense Preparedness and Principles and exploiting its strategies and advices in different fields, besides continuous activities and increasing security and defense coefficient against enemy’s thereat, certainly increase safety coefficient against incidents andnatural accidents, technical and engineering and human mistakes and create savings due to assembly and safety methods and ports and coasts will be more defendable. Therefore, essentialand active development of current ports and coasts and establishment of new portal and coastalcenters with considering Passive Defense strategies and principles cause various attitudes. Passive Defense has measured and assessed type and level of threats, vulnerabilities ofcenters, their positions and finally their level and activities’ rate and established safer and securerports and coasts and is developing them. This article besides taking account of main activities and possible actions in passive Defensewill provide cooperation field of specialist groups of ports and coasts in order to gain national stability in field of management, economic, spatial, equipment and basic infrastructures related to ports.

Keywords:

Safety and security , passive defense , threat , national stability , strategies , preparation , safe trade