How to maintain accessibility to basic needsregarding travel time and mobility cost in the faceof sharp increases in energy pricesSustainable land-use and transport planning for selected case studies

Due to scattered land-use and a high dependency on non-renewable energy,ensuring sustainable mobility in the near future is a difficult task. Therefore, it ischallenging for decision makers to provide ecological, social and economictransport services for a mobile society. Affordability of these services for allresidents is one of the main challenges. However, transportation costs proved tobe extremely vulnerable to political and economic shocks. These increases intransport costs are threatening accessibility to basic needs. In order to mitigatethe effects of this scenario, transport and land-use analysis are necessary forensuring resilient spatial patterns within suburban and rural municipalities. Thisarticle focuses on how to achieve sustainable accessibility concerning long-termland-use structure.Initially, land-use studies are performed in order to analyze scarcity in basicneeds in both suburban and rural case studies. In addition, transport analysis isessential to analyze the current network such as local bus lines and then toanalyze accessibility to residential, working, commercial, educational, healthand leisure areas. Districts with limited accessibility will be defined by means ofArcGIS analysis. Network analysis is done for district of Haar as a suburban andvillage of Dorf as a rural example. Travel time and mobility costs werecalculated. Outcome of isochrones and isocosts has been revised regarding oilshock scenario. Shrinking in catchment areas prove to be essential and requiresfurther policies to maintain accessibility to basic needs.Vulnerable suburban and rural regions with inadequate transport alternatives andlack of proper land-use are identified and desirable policies are recommended.Short- term policies objecting on push and pull measures. However, mid-termpolicies are more specific to spatial structure. Walking and biking to basicfacilities proved to be within short time therefore; achieving to car-free suburbanrequires strong initiative and fast institutional process. However, the case ofDorf is not similar due to low density structure. Carsharing and ridesharing areoptions to minimize mobility costs in rural areas.Land-use structure proved to be essential factor to mitigate effects of increase inmobility costs. Land-use developments are long-term decisions which requirehigh level of strategic planning. Densification of residential areas with mixedland-use is a reliable sustainable solution for suburban areas. However, ruralareas require higher level of implementation and construction of missing landuses.Nonetheless, improvement of surrounding centers to higher level is morefeasible. Not only land-use developments, but also improving in fuel usageefficiency can improve mobility cost and travel time in rural regions.