Surgical Innovations in Trauma, Telesurgery,and Robotics in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background: Trauma surgery, robotic surgery, and telesurgery are among the advanced and innovative fields in the world of medicine that have created significant developments in diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative care by utilizing new technologies. The purpose of this systematic review article is to examine the advances and challenges in the use of modern trauma surgery, robotics, and telesurgery methods in Iran. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of studies published between ۲۰۱۵ and ۲۰۲۴ was performed across various databases. Databases such as SID, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were utilized to find pertinent literature. The search utilized the keywords: “Trauma surgery," "Telesurgery," "Robotic surgery," "Surgical innovations," and "Iran." The criteria for including articles in the study comprised both quantitative and qualitative research, articles published in either Persian or English, and studies with available full text. A total of ۱۵۰ articles were discovered through the database searches. After discarding ۳۰ duplicates, ۱۲۰ articles remained. Screening the titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of ۷۰ articles. An evaluation of the full text for ۵۰ articles resulted in the exclusion of an additional ۳۰ articles that did not comply with the inclusion criteria. In the end, ۲۰ articles were included. Results: ۱- Trauma Surgery Innovations: Technological Advancements: Research in trauma surgery has concentrated on minimally invasive techniques, improved surgical tools, and innovations like trauma-specific surgical kits and automated hemorrhage control devices. Clinical Outcomes: Most studies reported enhanced outcomes, including reduced mortality, shorter hospital stays, and fewer postoperative complications. ۲- Telesurgery: Technologies: In Iran, telesurgery has utilized remote-controlled surgical systems, allowing surgeons to operate in areas with limited specialized care. Technologies like da Vinci Surgical Systems and custom-built systems have facilitated remote consultations and surgeries. Clinical Outcomes: Several studies demonstrated successful surgeries via telesurgery in remote locations, with patient satisfaction and outcomes comparable to traditional surgeries. ۳- Robotic Surgery: Systems and Applications: Robotic surgery in Iran has focused on adapting international systems (e.g., da Vinci, RAS) to local contexts, with applications in urology, gynecology, and general surgery. Clinical Outcomes: Studies indicated improved precision, fewer surgical errors, shorter recovery times, and reduced complications. Conclusion: These advancements have improved surgical outcomes and expanded access to specialized medical services. However, challenges such as high costs, insufficient infrastructure, and a lack of adequate training must be addressed to promote wider adoption of these technologies.

Keywords:

Trauma surgery , Surgical innovations , Telesurgery