Systematic Review of Applications of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Surgery

Background: With the advancement of artificial intelligence, various aspects of life have been affected. Artificial intelligence chatbots are considered one of the most widely used tools in medicine, especially surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the applications of artificial intelligence chatbots in surgery. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases on January ۶, ۲۰۲۵, without a time limit. This study was conducted by combining the keywords chatbot, artificial intelligence, and surgery. The inclusion criteria were original and English articles that used chatbots in surgery. The exclusion criteria were articles unrelated to the purpose of the study. Results: In the initial review, ۶۰۲ articles were extracted, and finally ۶۶ relevant articles were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of the articles (۶۹.۶%) were published in ۲۰۲۴ and ۲۷.۲% of the articles were published in ۲۰۲۳. The United States published the most articles (۵۱%). The majority of articles (۱۲.۱%) used chatbots in plastic surgery, and ۸۴.۸۴% of the articles used Chat GPT as an adjunct to surgery. Conclusion: The findings show that it is possible to improve decision-making processes in surgery using artificial intelligence chatbots. Chatbots may be useful as an adjunct in counseling and education, but caution should be exercised when interpreting their therapeutic information. It is suggested that future studies address various aspects of the use of chatbots in other medical specialties.

Keywords:

Chatbot , Surgery , Artificial Intelligence