Comparison of Purity and Properties of Hydroxyl Carbonate Apatite Extracted fromNatural Thigh Bone by Different Physiochemical Methods

New approaches to extracting natural hydroxyl carbonate apatite from bio waste of bovine bonescortical femur have been developed. To extract pure and natural bio ceramics, three differenttreatments have been applied: (1)-Calcination heat treatment at temperature of 700 °C, (2)-Alkalinehydrothermal at temperature of 275°C and (3)- Pressurized low polarity water hydrothermal attemperature of 250 °C. Raw bovine bone and obtained apatite have been characterized by Fouriertransforminfrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Under heat treatment process, mainly all the organic component such as collagen was removed attemperature of 600 °C and a hydroxyl carbonate apatite was obtained. The presence of carbonategroups led to increasing the biocompatibility and will be preferable for orthopedic and medical usages.The degree of crystallization of powders is increased by increasing of temperature from 250°C forpressurized low polarity water processing to 600°C for calcinations treatment. Growth behavior andadhesion of cultured umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of 2-D hydroxyapatitescaffolds derived by these three different methods have been investigated. The results show that thestem cells could survive and attach on surface of derived carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffolds bycalcinations.