Intelligent tutoring systems: review of existing models

The popularity of online learning systems has encouraged researchers to pay attention to make the learning process more efficient.These systems have different characteristics from conventional face to face classrooms due they can provide personalized teaching materials foreach learner. Philosophical and methodological shifts also affected developing such systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the threemodels of intelligent tutoring systems and explain how these systems works.The cognitive tutor is the first system which developed based on cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. This model identifies theweaknesses of each student and focuses on the gap areas by providing new questions which address those specific concepts. The second modelis personalized intelligent tutoring system .This model propose a personalized e-learning system with focus on item response theory. The resultsin this model, delivers based on uncertain or fuzzy feedback responses of learners. The third model is personalized interactive e-learning system.This model focuses on two goals of personalization and interactivity .This model is using personalized function to register and inquire for coursesthrough help of contents and learning types. The output of this system is to provide statistics on progress rate.

Keywords:

E-learning , literature review , conceptual framework , Intelligent tutoring systems , personalized learning