Energy conservation by electric vehicle charging management using real time pricing

Developments of the hybrid electric vehicles and increase in the cost of electricity generation and environmental pollution have caused the management of energy demand and supply to become a major issue. Controlling electric vehicles charging can significantly contribute to solve it and smooth the load curve. Thus, a detailed study has been conducted on the time and amount of the electric vehicles charging to reduce the peak load, which can reduce the problem of demand peaks. Optimization issue has been done by combining five methods: Real-Time Pricing, Day Ahead Pricing, Time of Use Pricing, Critical Peak Pricing and Direct Load Control, so that the operator is responsible for the vehicle charging control just during the low load. The operator controls the rates of the electric vehicle charging based on the updated power price. The results show that the composition of two methods creates appropriate behaviors between tariffs and energy use. Also peak of the height load is gone. In addition, at the state of lack of control, the distribution system is capable to charging 30% of the vehicles. This charging rate by integrated method in the system, maximizes comfort of consumers to more than 74% without overloading the distribution system.

Keywords:

Energy conservation , electric vehicles , smart grid