Reihane Faghih Malek - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univeristy of Sistan and Baluchestan,Zahedan, IRAN
Abdolreza Samimi - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univeristy of Sistan and Baluchestan,Zahedan, IRAN
Soheila Shokrollahzadeh - Institute of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, IRAN

Forward osmosis (FO) has been taken into attention as a profitable membrane-based process for water desalination in recent years. Internal concentration polarization (ICP), which leads to the lower water flux, is the most challenging issue in development of FO technology. Different studies have been carried out to investigate the effective factors on such phenomenon in order to reduce it. In this paper important factors on ICP, including membrane structure, membrane orientation, type of draw solution and operation temperature are discussed. Recent attempts in modelling of internal concentration polarization are also presented

Forward osmosis (FO), Internal concentration polarization (ICP), External concentration polarization (ECP), Modeling