Investigation of the Performance of Modified CIE Tinting Formula

According to the CIE whiteness formula, white specimens are evaluated based on their whiteness and tint effect. Recently, the CIE tinting formula has been modified. This paper tries to investigate the performance of the modified CIE tinting formula regarding the percentage of whiteness acceptance for white fabrics. The 32 amateur observers visually assessed the whiteness of 30 white fabrics treated with different fluorescent whitening agents as well as a normal white fabric. The results showed that white fabrics with significant reddish tint effects (Tw<0) are assessed as white by the majority of observers while, no observer evaluated samples with strong greenish tint (Tw>0) as white. Moreover, samples with very high lightness values (Y) were not accepted as white by lots of observers which may refer to their very high whiteness indices.

Keywords:

Whiteness , CIE tinting formula , Whiteness perception , Visual assessment