Saeedeh Akhavan - M.Sc. student, Department of Cellular and Molecular biology, faculty of Science, Tehran East branch , Islamic Azad university, Tehran ,Iran
Bahareh Kashefi - Assistant professor , Department of Horticulture Science , College of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
Samira Rezaei Mojdehi - BSc. Graduated, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Science ,Gilan University, Gilan, Iran
Kobra Shabanzadeh Delcheh - M.Sc. student, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
Reza Mohammadhasan - M.Sc. student, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

Opioids are compounds which influence on the central nervous system similar to morphine. Morphine is an opioid and analgesic drug. It reduces chronic and acute pain by direct impact on the central nervous system. It can be addictive. Morphine withdrawal syndrome occurs when the dose is reduced after long-term use. Because of intolerance withdrawal symptoms, addicts' treatment is difficult and clinical use of morphine has decreased. Pistachio species grow in the Zagros Mountains, in Iran. Traditionally, pistachio plant has been consumed in headache. Research has revealed the several pharmacological effects in pistachio species, like analgesic, anti-cholinergic activity, reduce symptoms of withdrawal. In the article, we try to introduce potential pistachio extract in reduce symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome.

Morphine, Pistachio, Opioids, Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome