Reclamation, Remediation and Recovery: (RRR) as Green Phases of Mining and

Today industries play comprehensive role in modern and developed societies. This is while, pollutions and wastes as result and output of these processes- scoped here as mining and drilling - are the important concerns of both environmental authorities and managers. Recently green studies are favored as a key factor in environmental management systems. It can also be served as a field of study in sustainable development. One environmentally-concerned phase of such industries would be closure and abandonment of mine and well when the permanent environmental impacts must be dealt with the most. At this time, reclamation and/or rehabilitation of mined and drilled lands not only can decrease environmental problems but also can establish environment-friendly conditions having substantial benefits. Drilling waste land farms can produce fertile productive lands for farming because of their nutritious contents. Wastes can be lowered or even eliminated by being returned into source or by remediation and reuse processes. Circumstantially in mining, the mined land can approach post-mining land uses such as recreational, residential and agricultural uses. These all make losses and disadvantages to turn into benefit and advantage. In terms of drilling, practices like subsurface injection can procure the demanding disposal and sometimes play as a pressurizing agent like lean gas. Post closure acts are the long-term phases of industries which should integrate well-designed engineering, management and monitoring to bring about the aimed results and to comply with the environmental management systems.

Keywords:

Environmental management system EMS , green industry , reclamation , remediation , renovation , Waste Management