Biotechnology, Fears and Hopes

Biotechnology, the science of manipulation of biological organisms to make benefit products that used for human life and health. Biotechnology contributes to such diverse areas as food production, waste disposal, mining, and medicine. Although biotechnology has existed since ancient times, some of its most dramatic advances have come in more recent years. Modern achievements include the transferal of a specific gene from one organism to another (by means of a set of genetic engineering techniques known as transgenics); the maintenance and growth of genetically uniform plant- and animal-cell cultures, called clones; and the fusing of different types of cells to produce beneficial medical products such as monoclonal antibodies, which are designed to attack a specific type of foreign substance.