Huck Ywih Chng - Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed - Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
Susilawati Kassim - Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
Susilawati Kassim - Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia

Background: The common practice of clearing pineapple (Ananas comosus) residues for land preparation for cultivationis by burning, an unsustainable agricultural practice that causes environmental pollution. Chicken manure produced fromthe poultry industry is also increasing. Inappropriate disposal or treatment can pose harm to the environment andhumans. In order to reduce environmental pollution, pineapple leaves and chicken manure slurry were co-composted toobtain high-quality organic fertilizer. The shredded pineapple leaves were thoroughly mixed with chicken manure slurry,chicken feed and molasses in polystyrene boxes. Co-compost temperature readings were taken three times daily.Results: Nitrogen and P concentrations increased whereas C content was reduced throughout the co-composting.The CEC increased from 32.5 to 65.6 cmol kg−1 indicating humified organic material. Humic acid and ash contents alsoincreased from 11.3% to 24.0% and 6.7% to 15.8%, respectively. The pH of the co-compost increased from 6.14 to 7.89.The final co-compost had no foul odour, low heavy metal content and comparable amount of nutrients. Seedgermination indices of phytotoxicity test were above 80% of final co-compost. This suggests that the co-compostproduced was phytotoxic-free and matured.Conclusion: High-quality co-compost can be produced by co-composting pineapple leaves and chicken manureslurry and thus have potential to reduce environmental pollution that could result from poorly managedagricultural wastes.

Co-composting; Ananas comosus; Pineapple leaves; Chicken manure; Phytotoxicity test; Humic acid