Bita Javidfakhr - Assistant Professor, University of Zanjan, Department of Geology

Earthquakes pose a dominant risk to the cities located in seismically active regions. They usually cause extensive direct and indirect losses to the built environment, while among various damagesthose imposed to lifeline systems are more critical. The primary aim of this manuscript is to analyzethe seismic natural hazards and the characteristics of a practical performance after a large earthquake. It is important to increase understanding of vulnerability and earthquake risk to induce hazard mitigation. A crucial issue in terms of seismic risk management is that neotectonic analysis should beconsidered carefully for different fault scales, since these faults can be responsible for future strong earthquakes. Geomorphic markers are particularly efficient in highlighting the activity of some major faults. Detail studies based on geomorphic data and seismic history of the region are essential fordocumenting the seismic potential of a fault, as well as for obtaining meaningful estimates for its sliprates. A complete view of fault geometry, mechanism of faulting, slip rate, and age of most recent displacement can be a key resource for future seismic hazard assessments. Human response to their surroundings have helped in good regulation resource management practices as life support strategy to ensure safety from natural hazards

earthquake, risk, hazard, management, alarm